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Published on: June 16, 2014
Exploring the Link Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Database Study
Chloe Lahoud1, Ali Sohail1, Toni Habib1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10305, USA.
Insights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have similar risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) whether they have Crohn's Disease (CD) or Ulcerative Colitis (UC). However, outcomes like mortality and hospitalization length differ between CD and UC patients with CKD.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Gastroenterology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to extraintestinal complications, notably kidney disease.
- Existing literature indicates a heightened risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in IBD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between IBD and CKD.
- To identify specific risk factors for CKD development in IBD patients.
- To compare CKD prevalence and outcomes between Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC).
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2020) for hospitalized IBD patients.
- Stratified patients into Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) cohorts.
- Conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to determine CKD prevalence, risk factors, mortality, and length of stay.
Main Results:
- Identified 230,766 IBD patients (63% CD, 37% UC); 148,498 included after 1:1 matching.
- Prevalence of CKD was consistent at 7.2% for both CD and UC patients.
- CD patients with CKD exhibited lower in-hospital mortality and shorter length of stay compared to UC patients with CKD.
Conclusions:
- CKD prevalence is similar in Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, but risk factors and outcomes diverge.
- Significant differences in mortality and hospitalization length exist between CD and UC patients with CKD.
- Highlights the necessity for individualized monitoring and management strategies for CKD risk in IBD patients, particularly those with UC.
Abstract:
Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has widely been associated with various extraintestinal complications, including kidney disease. The literature suggests that IBD patients are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to assess the relationship between IBD and CKD, and to identify risk factors associated with CKD in patients with IBD. Methods: Data for hospitalized patients with IBD was obtained from The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020. Baseline risk factors were identified using ICD-10 codes. Patients were stratified into two groups: Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Primary outcomes were prevalence and risk factors of CKD. Secondary outcomes were mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using SPSS v. 30. Results: We identified 230,766 patients with IBD: 144,847 (63%) had CD and 85,919 (37%) had UC. After 1:1 matching, 148,498 patients were included: 74,249 with CD and 74,249 with UC. In this study group, the prevalence of CKD in patients with CD and patients with UC was the same (7.2%). CD patients with CKD had lower in-hospital mortality rates and lower in-hospital length of stay compared to UC patients with CKD. Conclusions: While the prevalence of CKD is similar amongst CD and UC patients, the risk factors and outcomes such as mortality and length of hospitalization differ significantly. This study emphasizes the need for tailored approaches and closer monitoring for the risk of developing CKD in IBD patients and especially patients with UC.
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