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Viral Infections in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Current Practice and Updates

Kayinsola Kehinde Babatunde1, Donnchadh Reidy1, Dearbhail Ni Cathain1

  • 1Department of Nephrology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Viral infections pose significant risks to kidney transplant recipients, impacting graft function and survival. This review highlights key viruses, challenges in diagnosis and treatment, and the need for improved screening strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage kidney disease.
  • Historically, focus was on rejection, but viral infections are now major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients.
  • Viruses significantly impact kidney graft function and patient outcomes globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnostics, screening, and treatment of key viruses affecting kidney transplant recipients.
  • To discuss challenges including shifting viral epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and virus-associated malignancies.
  • To highlight the need for improved screening assays for donors and recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of articles from the PubMed database.
  • Search terms included kidney transplantation and infectious diseases.
  • Focus on viruses such as cytomegalovirus, polyoma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and others.

Main Results:

  • Identified key viruses impacting kidney transplant recipients and their implications.
  • Examined differences in viral epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and available treatments.
  • Highlighted emerging viral threats and the complexities of managing viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • Viral infections are a critical concern in kidney transplant recipients, necessitating careful management.
  • International collaboration is needed to address challenges like global mobility's impact on viral epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Development of superior screening methods for donors and recipients is essential for better outcomes.
Keywords:
immunosuppressionkidney transplantationviral infections

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