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Related Concept Videos

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
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Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Cardiothoracic Transplant Surgery and Enhanced Recovery: Recent Advances and Perspectives.

Riya Aggarwal1, Jeremiah Hutson1, David Zapata2

  • 1College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols can improve outcomes for cardiothoracic transplant patients by optimizing pre-, intra-, and postoperative care. These evidence-based strategies aim to reduce complications and shorten hospital stays for improved recovery.

Keywords:
cardiothoracic surgerycardiothoracic transplantationenhanced recovery after surgeryheart transplantlung transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Perioperative Care

Background:

  • Cardiothoracic transplantation is vital for end-stage heart/lung failure but involves significant morbidity and complex recovery.
  • Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, successful in other fields, are under development for cardiothoracic transplantation.
  • Current ERAS application in this patient group is emerging, necessitating evaluation of tailored protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate recent advancements in ERAS protocols specifically for cardiothoracic transplant patients.
  • To focus on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions within ERAS frameworks.
  • To identify research gaps and recommend standardization for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on ERAS protocols in cardiothoracic transplantation.
  • Analysis of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions.
  • Identification of evidence supporting ERAS efficacy in this population.

Main Results:

  • ERAS protocols demonstrate potential to reduce complications and shorten hospital stays.
  • Key strategies include prehabilitation, minimally invasive surgery, refined anesthesia, opioid-sparing pain management, early mobilization, and nutritional support.
  • Evidence suggests improved long-term outcomes with ERAS implementation.

Conclusions:

  • ERAS protocols offer a promising approach to optimize perioperative care in cardiothoracic transplantation.
  • Further research is needed to address current gaps and standardize ERAS implementation.
  • Standardized ERAS protocols can enhance outcomes for high-risk cardiothoracic transplant recipients.