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Pain Interference in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study Using the Pain Effects Scale
Leszek Sułkowski1,2, Andrzej Matyja3, Maciej Matyja3
1Department of General Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital, Bialska 104/118, 42-218 Częstochowa, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Pain significantly impacts hemodialysis patients
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pain Medicine
- Psychosomatic Medicine
Background:
- Pain is a prevalent and significant symptom in hemodialysis (HD) patients.
- The functional impact and contributing factors of pain in HD are not fully understood.
- This study investigates pain interference using the Pain Effects Scale (PES) in maintenance HD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors associated with pain interference in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
- To assess the functional impact of pain on various aspects of daily life in HD patients.
- To explore the relationship between pain interference and clinical/demographic variables in HD.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 73 adult maintenance hemodialysis patients.
- Patients completed the Pain Effects Scale (PES) assessing four-week pain impact.
- Demographic, clinical, and dialysis-related data were extracted from medical records.
Main Results:
- Substantial pain interference was reported by hemodialysis patients.
- Older age (r = 0.32) and ischemic heart disease were significantly associated with higher PES scores.
- Pain interference was largely independent of dialysis adequacy metrics and most comorbidities.
Conclusions:
- Pain interference in hemodialysis is influenced by factors beyond routine dialysis adequacy.
- Ischemic cardiovascular disease is a notable exception, correlating with increased pain interference.
- A biopsychosocial approach is recommended, integrating pain screening with assessments of mood, sleep, neuropathy, and ischemic symptoms.
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