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Integrating Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Elucidate the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Beef Quality

Fengying Ma1,2, Le Zhou1,2, Yanchun Bao1,2

  • 1College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Understanding beef quality involves examining muscle structure and molecular pathways. This study identified key genes and metabolites influencing flavor, fat deposition, and tenderness, aiding precision cattle breeding for premium beef.

Keywords:
HE stainingbovine meat qualitymetabolome profilingmuscle fibertranscriptome profiling

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Beef quality is critical for the premium beef industry.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms is key for precision breeding.
  • Morphological and molecular variations contribute to beef quality differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind beef quality variations.
  • To identify candidate genes and metabolites for molecular breeding.
  • To integrate morphological and molecular data for a comprehensive understanding of beef quality.

Main Methods:

  • Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for myofibrillar morphology.
  • Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses for molecular profiling.
  • Pearson correlation analysis to link gene and metabolite expression.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in muscle fiber area and diameter between high-quality and low-quality beef.
  • Identification of 30 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 14 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs).
  • Key genes (e.g., AMPD2, ACOX3) and pathways (purine metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis) linked to flavor, fat deposition, and tenderness.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological and molecular factors synergistically regulate beef quality.
  • Specific genes and metabolites identified provide targets for molecular breeding.
  • Findings support sustainable development of the premium beef industry through scientific insights.