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Disaccharidase Inhibitory Activity of Thai Plant Extracts.

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The Thai plant extract Microcos tomentosa (MT80) effectively inhibited key carbohydrate-digesting enzymes like maltase, sucrase, and trehalase. This broad-spectrum inhibition suggests potential for regulating blood sugar spikes after meals.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Ethnobotany

Background:

  • Intestinal α-glucosidases (maltase, sucrase, trehalase) are crucial for carbohydrate digestion.
  • Thai medicinal plants are known for bioactivities, but systematic α-glucosidase inhibition studies are lacking.
  • Previous research often focused on single enzymes, primarily maltase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize kinetic properties of rat intestinal α-glucosidases.
  • To evaluate the inhibitory potential of selected Thai plant extracts on maltase, sucrase, and trehalase.
  • To identify plant-derived α-glucosidase inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity.

Main Methods:

  • Rat small-intestinal S9 fractions were prepared to isolate α-glucosidases.
  • Enzyme activities were quantified using the glucose oxidase-peroxidase method.
  • Kinetic parameters were determined, and 14 Thai plant extracts/compounds were screened for inhibitory effects.

Main Results:

  • Maltase showed the highest substrate affinity (lowest Km).
  • The 80% ethanol extract of Microcos tomentosa (MT80) demonstrated consistent inhibition across maltase, sucrase, and trehalase.
  • MT80 inhibited these enzymes by 10-60% at 250 µg/mL; other extracts showed selective inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • MT80 exhibits broad-spectrum inhibition against major intestinal α-glucosidases.
  • This suggests MT80 could be valuable for managing postprandial glucose levels.
  • MT80 is a promising candidate for developing novel α-glucosidase inhibitors.