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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

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Oral Choline Reduced Working Memory-Related Brain Activation in Postmenopausal Women: A Pilot Study.

Julie A Dumas1, Abigail Testo1, Anna Senft Miller1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA.

Nutrients
|February 13, 2026
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Choline supplementation may enhance brain functional efficiency in postmenopausal women by modulating brain activation and connectivity during working memory tasks, despite no observed performance improvements. Further research is needed.

Keywords:
cholineestrogenfMRImenopauseworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Choline is vital for cellular function, with endogenous availability influenced by estrogen via the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) pathway.
  • Estrogen influences PEMT expression, suggesting a link between estrogenic state and choline's role in the brain.
  • The impact of low estrogenic conditions, such as menopause, on brain function and choline's effects remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of choline supplementation on brain activation and functional connectivity during a working memory task in postmenopausal women.
  • To explore how choline influences cognitive processes in a low estrogenic state.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 20 postmenopausal women who received either oral choline bitartrate or a placebo.
  • Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI, was used during an N-back working memory task.
  • Analysis included examining brain activation patterns and functional connectivity seeded from the right planum temporale.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in working memory performance were observed between choline and placebo groups.
  • Choline supplementation led to decreased activation in the right temporal lobe during the 2-back compared to 0-back conditions.
  • Choline modulated functional connectivity within the working memory network, particularly under higher cognitive load.

Conclusions:

  • Choline supplementation affects brain activation and functional connectivity related to working memory in postmenopausal women.
  • The findings suggest that choline may enhance brain functional efficiency in low estrogenic states like menopause.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.