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Polarization-Controlled Femtosecond Laser Texturing Enables Robust Antifouling Stainless Steel Surfaces.

Eunyeop Ji1, Daesik Ko2,3, Chan Hyeon Yang4

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Precise control over femtosecond laser processing of stainless steel creates surface structures that significantly reduce bacterial adhesion. Anisotropic patterns, achieved with linear polarization, show superior antifouling properties compared to isotropic ones.

Keywords:
antifoulingcontact anglesfemtosecond laser processinglaser-induced periodic surface structures

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Bacterial adhesion on metallic surfaces poses significant challenges in various applications.
  • Developing effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation is crucial for medical implants and industrial equipment.
  • Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) offer a promising route for surface modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise control of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on stainless steel.
  • To compare the antifouling behavior of surfaces with different LIPSS pattern directionalities (linear vs. circular).
  • To establish a rational strategy for designing bio-resistant metallic surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Femtosecond (fs) laser processing of stainless steel with controlled polarization (linear and circular).
  • Characterization of surface morphologies and analysis of pattern directionality.
  • Measurement of surface wettability using contact angle goniometry.
  • Bacterial adhesion tests using *Escherichia coli*.

Main Results:

  • Linear polarization produced anisotropic LIPSS, while circular polarization yielded isotropic morphologies.
  • Surface wettability remained consistent across different patterns (contact angles 32.6-36.9°).
  • Anisotropic LIPSS surfaces, particularly at 30 mW incident power, demonstrated significantly enhanced antifouling performance against *E. coli* compared to isotropic surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Antifouling efficacy is influenced by LIPSS spatial organization and anisotropy, not solely by surface wettability.
  • Polarization control in fs laser processing is critical for tailoring surface architecture.
  • This work provides a strategy for developing bio-resistant metallic surfaces through controlled laser texturing.