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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Impact of Individuals on Individuals01:30

Impact of Individuals on Individuals

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Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
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NADCdb: A Joint Transcriptomic Database for Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer Research in HIV-Positive Individuals.

Jiajia Xuan1, Chunhua Xiao1, Runhao Luo1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are a major concern for people living with HIV (PLWH). NADCdb integrates transcriptomic data to identify key regulators and biomarkers for 23 NADCs, aiding pathological exploration.

Keywords:
biomarkerscancerjoint analysis strategynon-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC)people living with HIV (PLWH)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are a leading cause of death in people living with HIV (PLWH).
  • Limited clinical samples and data privacy hinder NADC research.
  • Understanding NADC pathogenesis is crucial for improving outcomes in PLWH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify key regulators and biomarkers for 23 NADCs using integrated transcriptomic data.
  • To develop NADCdb, a comprehensive database and analytical platform for NADC research.
  • To explore the interplay of immunosuppression, inflammation, viral infections, and HIV in NADC development.

Main Methods:

  • Joint analysis of transcriptomic data from 12,486 PLWH and cancer patients.
  • Development of NADCdb with modules for risk assessment (rNADC), driver identification (dNADC), and immune biomarker discovery (iPredict).
  • Utilized bidirectional stepwise regression, logistic modeling, Random Forest, and Conditional Inference Trees for analysis.

Main Results:

  • NADCdb was created, integrating data and analytical frameworks for 23 NADCs.
  • The rNADC module stratified risks for 21 NADCs; dNADC identified pathogenic drivers with >75% accuracy ( >90% for HIV-associated clear cell renal cell carcinoma).
  • iPredict identified 1905 immune biomarkers for 16 NADCs, with multi-dimensional profiling of key determinants.

Conclusions:

  • NADCdb provides a novel, centralized resource for NADC pathological exploration.
  • The database offers valuable analytical frameworks and insights into NADC pathogenesis.
  • Facilitates scientific exploration and potential therapeutic target identification for NADCs in PLWH.