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Ketone Profiles in Community-Dwelling Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Using Continuous Ketone Monitoring.
Jennifer Ngan1,2, Yee Wen Kong1,2,3, Hanna C Jones1,2
1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Most adults with type 1 diabetes using a continuous ketone monitor (CKM) show low ketone levels (<0.6 mmol/L). Elevated ketones correlate with higher glucose, but are not a substitute for glucose monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Diabetes Technology and Management
Background:
- Continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) offers insights into metabolic status in type 1 diabetes.
- Understanding typical ketone profiles in community-dwelling adults with type 1 diabetes is crucial for managing glycemic control and preventing ketoacidosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess continuous ketone monitor (CKM) profiles in community-dwelling adults with type 1 diabetes.
- To investigate the relationship between elevated ketone levels and concurrent glucose readings.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of two-week CKM (Abbott) run-in data from the PARTNER study.
- Participants categorized into groups based on peak ketone levels: <0.6, 0.6-0.9, and ≥1.0 mmol/L.
- Comparison of glucose levels during elevated ketone episodes versus time-matched control periods.
Main Results:
- 61% of participants consistently maintained ketone levels <0.6 mmol/L.
- 23% and 16% experienced peak ketones between 0.6-0.9 mmol/L and ≥1.0 mmol/L, respectively.
- Median glucose levels were significantly higher (47 mg/dL) during CKM ketone episodes ≥1.0 mmol/L compared to periods with <0.6 mmol/L ketones.
Conclusions:
- The majority of community-dwelling adults with type 1 diabetes exhibit low ketone levels (<0.6 mmol/L) as measured by CKM.
- While elevated ketone levels are associated with increased glucose, they do not serve as a diagnostic substitute for glucose monitoring.
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