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Yb2-Tb Upconversion in a Hetero-Trimetallic Molecular Lanthanide Complex.

Nicolaj Kofod1, Matthew E Thornton1, Abigail Richardson1,2

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|February 13, 2026
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Summary

Researchers developed new lanthanide complexes for photon upconversion. The Yb2Tb complex demonstrated efficient energy transfer, overcoming challenges in chemical diversity and solvent quenching for advanced optical applications.

Keywords:
lanthanide photophysicslanthanide upconversionmolecular dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Photon upconversion in lanthanide systems is limited by low chemical diversity.
  • Developing molecular systems with tailored lanthanide ions is crucial for efficient upconversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multi-photon photophysical properties of novel hetero-trimetallic lanthanide complexes.
  • To explore efficient photon upconversion via cooperative sensitization in Yb2Ln systems.
  • To understand the influence of intermetallic distances and solvent quenching on energy transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of molecular hetero-trimetallic lanthanide complexes (Yb2Ln, where Ln = Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+).
  • Spectroscopic analysis of photon upconversion properties in D2O and H2O.
  • Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine intermetallic distances.

Main Results:

  • The Yb2Tb complex exhibited efficient Yb2 → Tb photon upconversion through cooperative sensitization in both heavy and light water.
  • Yb2Eu did not display Yb2 → Eu upconversion, and Yb2Gd served as a spectroscopic control.
  • Energy transfer in Yb2Tb was independent of OH quenching, and effective upconversion was observed despite long intermetallic distances (11.5-25 Å).

Conclusions:

  • Kinetically inert building blocks enable site-specific control for introducing diverse lanthanide ions.
  • Cooperative sensitization in Yb2Tb complexes facilitates efficient photon upconversion, even with significant intermetallic distances.
  • The findings offer a pathway for designing advanced lanthanide-based upconversion materials with enhanced chemical diversity and robustness.