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Body dysmorphic symptoms in autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A comorbidity study
Janelle Janus1, Denny Meyer1, Ella Byrne1
1Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to have undiagnosed body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This suggests BDD may be overlooked in neurodevelopmental populations.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is often under-recognized.
- Shared cognitive and clinical features exist between BDD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the comorbidity of BDD, ASD, and ADHD in a large online sample.
- To examine the frequency of undiagnosed BDD within neurodevelopmental populations.
Main Methods:
- An online survey was administered to 6844 participants.
- Comorbidity frequencies of BDD, ASD, and ADHD were analyzed.
- The likelihood of undiagnosed BDD in individuals with and without neurodevelopmental diagnoses was assessed.
Main Results:
- No higher frequency of ASD or ADHD comorbidity was found in individuals with BDD compared to those without.
- Individuals with ASD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.55) and ADHD (AOR = 2.45) were significantly more likely to have possible undiagnosed BDD.
- These findings suggest potential underdiagnosis of BDD in neurodevelopmental populations.
Conclusions:
- Elevated body image concerns and potential BDD in individuals with ASD and ADHD may be missed or misattributed to their neurodevelopmental diagnoses.
- Further investigation is warranted to identify and address BDD in individuals with ASD and ADHD.
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