Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Distribution and Dispersion00:54

Distribution and Dispersion

25.5K
To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
25.5K
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems01:19

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon-Containing Systems

751
Phase I biotransformation reactions are integral to drug metabolism, predominantly involving oxidative, reductive, and hydrolytic transformations. Chief among these are oxidative reactions, which enhance the hydrophilicity of xenobiotics and introduce polar functional groups to facilitate their elimination from the body.
Oxidation reactions are fundamental in aromatic carbon-containing systems. An example is the hydroxylation of phenobarbital, a process that transforms it into...
751
Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Carbon-Heteroatom and Miscellaneous Systems01:15

Phase I Reactions: Oxidation of Carbon-Heteroatom and Miscellaneous Systems

431
Oxidative reactions are pivotal in metabolizing numerous compounds, including pharmaceutical drugs. These reactions often occur in carbon-heteroatom systems, such as carbon-nitrogen, carbon-sulfur, and carbon-oxygen.
In carbon-nitrogen systems, aliphatic and aromatic amines can undergo oxidative reactions. Secondary and tertiary amines, like those found in tricyclic antidepressants, can undergo N-dealkylation, a process that involves the oxidation of the alkyl group. In addition, oxidative...
431
Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

43.1K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
43.1K
Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

169.4K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
169.4K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.9K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Flexible Ferrite Magnetic Composite Films for Electromagnetic Applications.

ACS materials Au·2026
Same author

LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Nano-LLZTO Composite Cathodes for Enhanced Performance of Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Sulfonylimide-Based Single-Ion-Conducting Porous Organic Polymer Electrolytes for Enhanced Performance of Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Solid Electrolytes and Dendrite Dynamics in Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Dispersion of microcapsules for the improved thermochromic performance of smart coatings.

RSC advances·2022
Same author

Well-Dispersed Garnet Crystallites for Applications in Solid-State Li-S Batteries.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2021
Same journal

Synergistic Visible-Light-Driven CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction and H<sub>2</sub>O Oxidation over Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> Quantum Dot-Modified Cu/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Photocatalysts.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Spontaneous Phase Separation Enables Rapid, Polymerization-Free Fabrication of Gels.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Lamellar-Confinement-Induced ZIF-67 Nanosheet Mixed Matrix Membranes for Enhanced CH<sub>4</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> Separation.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Structure Control of Oblate Nanoparticles Self-Assembled by ABC Cyclic Terpolymers under Soft Confinement.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Tuning Brønsted/Lewis Acid Site Ratios via Ammonia Modulation for Selective Conversion of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol or Solketal.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Catalytic and Nitriding Competition of Nitrogen Atom on Graphene and Its Finite Rate Surface Chemistry Model.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
09:35

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

29.3K

Flow-Induced Dynamic Dispersion in Dispersant-Free Mixed-Oxide Slurry Systems.

Yu-An Lin1, Feng-Ming Yeh1, Bin Hu2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Particle mixing in SiO2 slurries improves dynamic dispersion and performance for planarization. This strategy is more effective than chemical dispersants, leading to better material removal and surface finish in chemical-mechanical planarization.

More Related Videos

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

6.2K
Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
05:44

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization
09:35

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Published on: December 25, 2017

29.3K
15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the &#181;s-ms Timescale
08:09

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale

Published on: April 19, 2021

6.2K
Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
05:44

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) relies on stable slurry formulations.
  • Traditional dispersants improve static particle dispersion but not dynamic flow behavior.
  • SiO2-based slurries are crucial for semiconductor manufacturing planarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a particle-mixing strategy for enhancing SiO2 slurry dispersion and CMP performance.
  • To compare the effectiveness of particle mixing against chemical dispersants.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms of improved dispersion and flow behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of bimodal SiO2 particle suspensions (25 and 55 nm) at various solid loadings.
  • Rheological measurements to assess suspension flow behavior.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and effective volume packing analysis.
  • Chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) testing.
  • Numerical simulations coupling discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Main Results:

  • Particle mixing suppressed agglomeration and shifted rheology from shear-thinning to Newtonian, indicating improved dynamic dispersion.
  • Bimodal suspensions achieved higher material removal rates and lower surface roughness in CMP tests compared to monodisperse or dispersant-stabilized ones.
  • Numerical simulations revealed denser particle contacts and higher localized stresses in bimodal systems, explaining enhanced CMP performance.

Conclusions:

  • A particle-mixing strategy is superior to chemical dispersants for dynamic dispersion and performance of SiO2 slurries in CMP applications.
  • Cooperative size effects in bimodal suspensions lead to improved structural organization and flow behavior.
  • The enhanced CMP performance is attributed to optimized particle interactions and stress distribution within the bimodal slurry.