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Evolutionary and functional analyses in angiosperms reveal a conserved cold-responsive WRKY33-NAC032 module.

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  • 1State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.

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Summary

Researchers discovered a new cold response pathway in plants beyond the known CBF network. This WRKY33-NAC032 module is conserved across species, enhancing plant cold tolerance.

Keywords:
CBF‐independent pathwayC‐repeat binding factorNAC032WRKY33angiospermbirchcold acclimationorthogroup

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Angiosperms inhabit diverse climates, necessitating robust cold response mechanisms.
  • The C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway is known, but other conserved cold response pathways are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize conserved cold-responsive transcription factor orthogroups (CCRTFOs) in angiosperms.
  • To investigate novel pathways regulating plant cold tolerance beyond the CBF network.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses across 10 angiosperm species under cold stress.
  • Functional characterization of regulatory factors in Arabidopsis thaliana and Betula platyphylla using genetic and molecular approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identified 22 conserved cold-responsive transcription factor orthogroups (CCRTFOs), including WRKY and NAC families.
  • Demonstrated that WRKY25 and WRKY33 are key regulators of cold response independently of the CBF pathway.
  • Validated WRKY33's direct regulation of NAC032, a positive regulator of cold tolerance, with conserved function in birch.

Conclusions:

  • A core set of CCRTFOs involved in plant cold resistance has been identified.
  • The WRKY33-NAC032 module represents an evolutionarily conserved pathway crucial for angiosperm cold tolerance.
  • This study reveals a broader molecular network for cold resistance beyond the canonical CBF pathway.