[Late-onset sequel states of poliomyelitis (postpolyomelitic syndrome)]

Poliomyelitis remains a Public Health challenge in countries with low vaccination coverage and outbreaks of vaccine-derived polioviruses. The aim of this paper was to review the current evidence on post-polio syndrome (PPS), including its pathophysiological basis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and current therapeutic approaches.

A narrative review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization documents was conducted, prioritizing systematic reviews, cohort studies, and clinical trials published between 1980 and 2024.

PPS affects 20-50% of polio survivors. It is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, fatigue, and pain decades after the initial infection. Its etiology remains unclear; proposed mechanisms include degeneration of reinnervated motor units, neuromuscular dysfunction, viral persistence, and autoimmunity. No pathogenetic treatments are available; management is symptomatic and multidisciplinary.

PPS is a chronic condition with high prevalence among poliomyelitis survivors. Current treatment focuses on rehabilitation, respiratory care, fatigue management, and psychological support. Further research is required to develop specific therapies.