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Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Bead Aggregation Assays for the Characterization of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules
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Immunohistochemical detection of putative pathogenetic factors in adhesions of infants: a pilot study

Arvis Pauliņš1, Anna Junga1, Māra Pilmane1

  • 1Institute for Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Riga.

European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH
|February 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Infant intestinal adhesions show decreased levels of key proteins like Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Indian Hedgehog (IHH), suggesting cellular dysregulation. These findings highlight potential molecular pathways involved in adhesion development in newborns.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Intestinal adhesions affect 4.7% of infants undergoing laparotomy, with idiopathic cases also occurring.
  • The etiology of adhesions involves inflammation, fibrin bands, hypoxia, and tissue remodeling, with candidate genes implicated.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of infant intestinal adhesions is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Indian Hedgehog (IHH), FOXF1, CDX1, HAX-1, GATA4, and GZMB proteins in infant intestinal adhesions.
  • To explore potential correlations between these protein expressions and adhesion development.
  • To identify molecular factors contributing to the pathogenesis of infant intestinal adhesions.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze protein expression in adhesion tissues from 14 infants (<1 year) and control tissues from 6 infants.
  • Evaluated immunopositive fibroblasts, macrophages, endotheliocytes, smooth muscle myocytes, and mesotheliocytes.
  • Semiquantitative counting and Spearman's correlation analysis were employed for statistical evaluation.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in SHH, IHH, FOXF1, GATA4, and partially GZMB proteins was observed in infant adhesion tissues.
  • Reduced levels of HAX-1 and CDX1 were noted but lacked statistical significance.
  • Correlations between protein expressions in blood vessels, fibroblasts, and macrophages suggest their involvement, while mesothelium appears less critical.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased expression of SHH, IHH, FOXF1, GATA4, and GZMB may play a role in infant intestinal adhesion development, indicating potential cellular dysregulation.
  • The findings suggest that affected blood vessels, fibroblasts, and macrophages are key players in adhesion morphopathogenesis.
  • Further research into these molecular pathways could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for infant intestinal adhesions.

Keywords:
Gene proteinsadhesionsimmunohistochemistryinfants

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