Proton Radiography of Different Human Tissues Using Proton Microscope with Imaging Resolution

Proton imaging can provide better density resolution and thus higher tissue contrast and does not suffer from artifacts due to beam hardening typically affecting X-ray imaging. Proton radiography generates two-dimensional projection images of an object and has applications in patient alignment and verification procedures in preparation for proton beam radiation therapy. Proton radiography enables fast and effective high-precision lateral alignment of the proton beam and target volume in the patient's body irradiation experiments with limited dose exposure. Our study has clearly demonstrated the potential of a proton microscope for imaging because a proton microscope compensates for image blur using magnetic lenses to the sub-mm level. This innovative work applies physical models of proton transport (including Beth-Bloch energy dissipation, cutoff energy, and Coulomb multiple scattering) to simulate the theory of proton imaging of various human tissues using a proton microscope and study image resolution using Maple software. Our obtained results from this work are given below. (i) To determine the appropriate dose without risks, researchers in the domains of nuclear medicine and radiotherapy must examine the parameters of proton interactions with different tissues. (ii) The current investigation is highly important in the proton radiotherapy and radiography of different human tissues. (iii) The cortical bone has the highest Z_eff values, while the adipose tissue has the lowest values at all proton energies. (vi) CSDA range of protons was higher in high-density tissue until 200 MeV energy protons. (v) Total stopping power of a proton is directly proportional to the energy of protons. (iv) The blurring coefficient, ξ_y(γ), increases with decreasing A.