Glucolipid Metabolic Disorders and Helicobacter pylori Infection

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Metabolic Medicine
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) pose significant global health challenges.
• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent worldwide.
• Existing research on H. pylori and metabolic diseases is fragmented and often contradictory.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the association between H. pylori infection and key GLMDs: type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and atherosclerosis (AS).
• To analyze the mechanisms by which H. pylori influences GLMD onset and progression.
• To integrate current knowledge for a comprehensive understanding of H. pylori's role in metabolic health.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review focusing on H. pylori and T2DM, MASLD, and AS.
• In-depth analysis of proposed pathomechanisms.
• Evaluation of bacterial virulence factors and exosome involvement.

Main Results:

• H. pylori infection is associated with T2DM, MASLD, and AS.
• Mechanisms include induction of inflammatory responses, exacerbation of oxidative stress, and impaired insulin sensitivity.
• Bacterial virulence factors and regulated exosomes play a role in metabolic dysregulation.

Conclusions:

• H. pylori infection contributes to GLMD by modulating inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, leptin, vitamin D, and homocysteine levels.
• The bacterium's influence on exosomes further impacts metabolic pathways.
• Effective H. pylori eradication is essential for comprehensive GLMD management.