Small modular nuclear reactors for developing countries: Expectations and evidence

Area of Science:

• Nuclear Engineering
• Energy Policy
• Economics

Background:

• Developing countries are increasingly interested in nuclear power, specifically small modular reactors (SMRs).
• Key expectations include low-cost electricity, demonstrated technology, and local manufacturing opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the feasibility of SMRs meeting the expectations of developing nations.
• To critically evaluate the economic and technological viability of SMR deployment.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of national representatives' presentations at International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conferences.
• Assessment of current SMR designs and operational data.

Main Results:

• SMRs do not benefit from economies of scale, leading to higher electricity costs compared to large nuclear power plants.
• Limited operational SMRs and ongoing construction hinder their status as proven technology.
• Local manufacturing goals conflict with mass production economics, and skilled workforces are often unavailable.

Conclusions:

• The key expectations of low-cost power, demonstrated technology, and local manufacturing for SMRs are unlikely to be met in the near future.
• Developing countries should carefully consider these limitations before investing in SMR technology.
• Further research and development are needed to address the economic and technological challenges of SMR deployment.