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Sign Convention01:30

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When analyzing a beam subjected to various loads, it is crucial to understand the internal forces and moments generated within the structure. These internal forces can be broadly classified into normal forces, shear forces, and bending moments. To determine these forces and moments, we use the method of sections and apply a specific sign convention based on their direction and the side of the section being analyzed.
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Comparing Telepharmacy to Conventional Pharmacy Care: An Economic Evaluation.

Sophia Tam1, Vishwanauth Persaud1, Albert Wertheimer1

  • 1Department of Social, Behavioral and Administrative Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA.

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Telepharmacy significantly saves costs for high-priced medications like Zepbound and Viagra, but not for generics. Traditional pharmacies are more cost-effective for inexpensive drugs unless convenience is prioritized.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Digital Health
  • Pharmaceutical Services

Background:

  • Telehealth is a growing healthcare delivery method due to technological advancements and patient demand.
  • Traditional pharmacy models face challenges in medication access, patient privacy, and cost-efficiency.
  • Telepharmacy offers a potential solution to improve accessibility and affordability in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of telepharmacy versus traditional in-person pharmacy care.
  • To evaluate the financial impact of telepharmacy in three therapeutic areas: obesity, erectile dysfunction, and dermatological care.
  • To compare the patient cash-pay perspective for specific medications: tirzepatide (Zepbound), sildenafil (Viagra), and tretinoin.

Main Methods:

  • A cost-benefit analysis was performed comparing telepharmacy and traditional in-person pharmacy services.
  • The analysis focused on the patient cash-pay perspective for a 30-day supply of medications.
  • Costs included consultation fees and drug prices based on literature and clinical guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Telepharmacy provided significant cost savings for higher-cost branded products: 53.6% for Zepbound (tirzepatide) and 27% for Viagra (sildenafil).
  • Telepharmacy was more expensive for low-cost generics, with tretinoin cream costing $30 more due to consultation fees.
  • Savings were observed when medication discounts exceeded tele-platform fees for expensive drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Telepharmacy offers substantial cost benefits for managing conditions requiring high-cost medications.
  • For inexpensive generic drugs, traditional pharmacy models remain more cost-effective.
  • Patient preference for accessibility, privacy, and convenience may influence the choice between telepharmacy and traditional models.