A modern radiologist's guide to artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to disrupt many fields, and radiology is no exception. The applications of AI in this field go beyond automated diagnosis since they can be used in any stage of the radiological pipeline, from patient referral to image interpretation and recommended course of action. However, it is important to distinguish between clinical usefulness and overpromises. This distinction is especially important for pediatrics, which presents additional challenges like the ethical considerations of working with children, the smaller dataset available for training, and a general lack of explicit labeling that indicates if a tool is suitable for pediatric populations. Here, we give pediatric radiologists a non-technical overview of AI and its subfields, and the potential benefits that it brings to radiology, so they are better equipped to critically evaluate AI and its clinical value. Far from replacing radiologists, AI should be viewed as a companion tool aimed at reducing inefficiencies, enhancing accuracy, and improving patient-centered care.