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Evaluating PICO framework utilization in pharmacy resident research.

Payton E Atkins¹, Michael L Behal², Alexander H Flannery³

¹University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, KY, USA.

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy : AJHP : Official Journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

|February 13, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Approximately 60% of pharmacy resident research abstracts included all four PICO components for quality study design. The use of PICO and publication status were not significantly different between training years or publication outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Pharmacy research
Evidence-based practice
Study design

Background:

Pharmacy resident research publication rates are notably low.
The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework is crucial for developing robust research questions.
Analysis of PICO framework utilization in pharmacy resident research abstracts is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the percentage of pharmacy resident research abstracts that fully incorporated all four PICO components.
To assess the utilization of the PICO framework in research presented at the Great Lakes Pharmacy Residency Conference (GLPRC).

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort analysis of 1,822 abstracts presented at GLPRC from 2017-2019.
Abstracts were analyzed for the presence of population, intervention, comparison, and outcome components.
Subsequent publication in Embase and PubMed was tracked.

Main Results:

59.4% of abstracts included all four PICO components.
The comparator component was least frequently included (63.9%).
Only 6.7% of abstracts were published as manuscripts, with no significant difference in PICO characteristics between published and unpublished abstracts.

Conclusions:

Around 60% of analyzed abstracts demonstrated complete PICO framework utilization, indicating a foundation for quality study design.
PICO utilization did not significantly differ between postgraduate year 1 and year 2 residents.
PICO framework adherence did not correlate with the likelihood of abstract publication.