Influence of the shape of ultrashort X-ray pulses on diffraction in polyatomic systems

The use of ultrashort X-ray pulses in studying the structure of matter has recently gained increasing relevance due to the emergence of new sources of such pulses. Pulse duration is typically rarely considered in structural studies, and the influence of its shape remains virtually unexplored. This article demonstrates that, when scattering ultrashort X-ray pulses on polyatomic systems, pulse shape is an important characteristic when using attosecond pulses. It is also shown that the influence of pulse shape on scattering spectra can be represented in a simple analytical form. As an example, the scattering of three ultrashort pulses of different shapes by a diamond crystal with NV centers and a fragment of a DNA molecule is considered.