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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

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A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of...
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen
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3-mercaptopropionic acid agent-based biosensor system using gold-screen printed electrode for aflatoxin B1 detection.

Burçak Demi̇rbakan1, Ahmet Çeti̇nkaya2, Evrim Güneş Altuntaş3

  • 1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, Çanakkale, Türkiye.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new electrochemical biosensor offers ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food. This reliable method enhances food safety monitoring with high accuracy and selectivity.

Keywords:
3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)Aflatoxin B1 (AFB-1)Gold screen printed electrode (SPE-Au)

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensor Technology
  • Food Safety Analysis

Background:

  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) poses a significant threat to food safety and human health.
  • Accurate and sensitive detection methods for AFB1 in various food matrices are crucial.
  • Existing detection methods may lack the sensitivity, speed, or cost-effectiveness required for routine monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel electrochemical biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of AFB1.
  • To optimize the biosensor platform for enhanced analytical performance and reliability.
  • To assess the biosensor's applicability in real-world food safety monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a biosensor using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA)-modified self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold screen-printed electrodes (SPE-Au).
  • Covalent immobilization of anti-AFB1 antibodies onto the functionalized electrode surface.
  • Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
  • Optimization of 3-MPA concentration for improved analytical performance.

Main Results:

  • The developed biosensor achieved a wide linear detection range for AFB1 from 0.1 to 250 pg/mL.
  • Ultrasensitive detection was demonstrated with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.94 pg/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.14 pg/mL.
  • The biosensor exhibited high reproducibility, excellent selectivity for AFB1, and successful application in analyzing real food samples (milk, rice, peanuts, chili pepper).

Conclusions:

  • The novel electrochemical biosensor provides a highly sensitive and reliable platform for AFB1 detection in diverse food products.
  • The optimized biosensor design and performance indicate its strong potential for practical application in food safety surveillance.
  • This technology can contribute to safeguarding public health by ensuring the safety of the food supply chain.