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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing
Published on: June 1, 2012
Potential-resolved electrochemical sensor based on hollow CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles for simultaneous detection of Indigo
JiaQiang Liu1, YuanXia Zuo1, Qi Ai1
1College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
Abstract:
A potential-resolved chronoamperometric strategy based on an H-CoFe₂O₄NPs@CFP electrode was developed for simultaneous detection of indigo carmine (IC), ponceau 4R (Pon), and amaranth (Amar) in a ternary mixture. Sequential measurements at 0.35, 0.56, and 0.69 V in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) enabled effective signal deconvolution. For the mixed system with a fixed 1:1:1 M ratio, linear ranges normalized to individual dye concentrations were 0.1-160 μM (IC), 0.5-140 μM (Pon), and 0.1-140 μM (Amar), with detection limits of 0.044, 0.144, and 0.040 μM, respectively (S/N = 3, R2 ≥ 0.994). Spiked recoveries of 94.7-105.3% with relative standard deviations ≤4.81% in candy coatings, fruit juices, and iced tea demonstrated good accuracy and precision. This method shows promise for food safety monitoring.
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