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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers
Published on: September 27, 2018
A citrus pericarp-inspired ternary bio-mimetic film with slow-release functional units and its application in
Huihua Huang1, Sirui Liang2, Yang Zhao2
1School of Public Health/Food Safety and Health Research Center/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research/BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510515, China.; Sihui People's Hospital, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province 526200, China.
Abstract:
Inspired by the hierarchical protective structure of citrus pericarp, a biomimetic ternary film is fabricated for high-performance grape preservation. The system comprises an outer gellan gum (GG) layer mimicking hydrophobic epicuticular wax and an inner chitosan (CH) matrix reproducing the cushioning albedo tissue. Eugenol-loaded alginate microcapsules (MCs), analogous to citrus oil glands, enable sustained release. Optimized MCs (Alginate:eugenol = 3:1) achieve 91.0% encapsulation efficiency and biphasic release over 60 h. When integrated into GG/CH films, MCs enhance mechanical strength to over 50 MPa, increase opacity to over 0.83, and increase hydrophilicity (contact angle ∼85°). During 15-day storage, coated grapes exhibit reduced weight loss (∼25.2% vs. 31.9% control), maintained firmness (∼4 N), suppressed microbial growth (1.5-log reduction), and alleviated oxidative damage, along with inhibited changes in soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenolics. This biomimetic strategy integrates structural design with active delivery, offering a sustainable approach for prolonging the fruit shelf life.
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