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Pediatric Movement Disorders at a Tertiary Referral Center in Bogotá: Clinical and Epidemiological Experience From

Jorge Luis Ramón-Gómez1, Natalia Martínez Córdoba2, Isabella Lince Rivera2

  • 1Pediatric Neurologist, Pediatric Movement Disorders Specialist, Instituto Roosevelt, Bogotá, Colombia.

Pediatric Neurology
|February 13, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric movement disorders in Colombia show a high burden of dystonia and significant diagnostic delays, with over 60% of cases taking longer than 12 months. Expanding genomic testing and telemedicine are crucial for improving care in middle-income settings.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pediatric movement disorders (MDs) are undercharacterized in Latin America, hindering timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • This study addresses the need for better understanding of pediatric MDs in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical and etiological profile of pediatric MDs at a Colombian tertiary referral center.
  • To identify factors associated with diagnostic delay in pediatric MDs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 210 pediatric patients (0-18 years) at a specialized clinic in Bogotá.
  • Standardized diagnostic protocols including phenotyping and etiological workup were used.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed predictors of diagnostic delay exceeding 12 months.

Main Results:

  • Dystonia was the most common phenotype (33.3%), followed by tics (14.3%) and tremor (10.9%).
  • Unidentified etiologies accounted for 30.5% of cases.
  • Median diagnostic delay was 18.5 months, with 64.9% of patients experiencing delays >12 months. Patients outside Bogotá had longer delays.
  • Nonmetabolic genetic etiology was an independent predictor of prolonged delay (OR 6.36).

Conclusions:

  • Colombian pediatric MDs exhibit a high burden of dystonia, significant unidentified etiologies, and prolonged diagnostic delays.
  • Expanding access to genomic testing and telemedicine networks is essential.
  • Implementing fast-track diagnostic pathways can optimize therapeutic outcomes in middle-income countries.
Abstract

Keywords:
DiagnosisDystoniaGenetic testingMovement disordersPediatric neurologyTic disorders

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