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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Dietary Assessment Methodology

Background:

  • Dietary supplements (DS) significantly contribute to nutrient intake.
  • Existing DS questionnaires exhibit diverse formats and development practices, leading to measurement errors.
  • Inconsistent methods complicate accurate estimation of DS intake and prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To scope and describe questionnaires used for quantifying nutrient intake from dietary supplements.
  • To analyze questionnaire formats, development procedures, and their validity and reproducibility.
  • To identify needs for improving DS intake assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases.
  • Inclusion of questionnaires quantifying DS intake, with reported development/validation.
  • Exclusion of open-ended questionnaires; descriptive analysis of development and validation data.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen eligible questionnaires (6 closed-ended, 9 mixed-type) were identified; 13 were validated.
  • Questionnaires generally overestimated DS-only and total intake; correlations varied by nutrient and intake type.
  • Incomplete reporting of development procedures was common, impacting comparability.

Conclusions:

  • Questionnaire performance differs based on format, nutrient, intake type, and reference method.
  • Standardized DS classification and transparent reporting of development are essential.
  • Improvements are needed for enhanced comparability and policy utility in DS research.