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Kuwanons from Mulberry (Morus spp.): Exploring their structural activity relationship, biosynthesis, and biological
R Venkatesh Kumar1, Devika Srivastava1, Abhishek Verma1
1Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India.
Fitoterapia
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Kuwanons, natural compounds from mulberry plants, exhibit diverse biological activities. Research highlights their structural variety, biosynthesis, and potential medical benefits, guiding future studies.
Area of Science:
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Kuwanons are isoprenylated flavonoids abundant in Morus species, particularly roots and stems.
- They are extensively researched for potential medical benefits and diverse functionalities.
- Kuwanons are biosynthesized via integrated phenylpropanoid and polyketide pathways with enzymatic diversification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current advancements in kuwanon structural diversity.
- To discuss the biosynthesis and biological activities of various kuwanon types.
- To explore structure-activity relationships and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on kuwanon structure, biosynthesis, and bioactivity.
- Analysis of kuwanon categorization based on structural modifications (prenylation, cyclization, oxidation).
- Examination of reported biological activities and their potency.
Main Results:
- Kuwanons display a broad spectrum of activities: antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and more.
- Bioactivity is generally observed in the micromolar range, indicating structure-dependent effects.
- Kuwanons are classified into subclasses based on distinct structural features.
Conclusions:
- Kuwanons represent a promising class of natural compounds with significant therapeutic potential.
- Understanding structure-activity relationships is crucial for developing kuwanon-based therapeutics.
- Further mechanistic and translational studies are needed to fully realize their clinical applications.
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