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Performance and repeatability of different models of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) in generating
Nawal M Alharbi1, Reham B Osman2
1Associate Professor at Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Journal of Dentistry
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Artificial intelligence chatbots show limited ability in designing removable partial denture frameworks, with ChatGPT-o3 outperforming others but still lacking clinical acceptability and repeatability. AI chatbot use for RPD framework design is not recommended currently.
Area of Science:
- Dental prosthodontics
- Artificial intelligence in healthcare
- Digital dentistry
Background:
- Removable partial denture (RPD) framework design is a complex process requiring specialized knowledge.
- The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into dental design workflows is an emerging area.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the performance and repeatability of different AI chatbots (ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-o3, ChatGPT-5) in generating optimal RPD framework designs.
- To compare the design outputs of various AI models for a specific clinical case.
Main Methods:
- Nine partially edentulous gypsum models were digitized.
- AI chatbots generated RPD framework designs from digital files using standardized prompts at two time points.
- Designs were evaluated by prosthodontists based on eleven binary criteria, with statistical analysis for performance and repeatability.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in performance were observed among the AI chatbots.
- ChatGPT-o3 demonstrated superior performance compared to ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-5.
- While ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-5 showed high repeatability, ChatGPT-o3 exhibited lower agreement.
Conclusions:
- The tested AI chatbots demonstrated low performance in generating clinically acceptable RPD framework designs.
- AI chatbots were unable to consistently provide repeatable results for RPD framework design.
- Current AI chatbots have very limited ability for clinical RPD framework design due to complexity.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence chatbotsChatGPTFramework designGenerative artificial intelligencePerformanceRPDMore Related Videos
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