Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 15, 2026
Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Shugan Jieyu Capsules for the Treatment of Insomnia
Published on: February 17, 2023
Depressive symptoms as a risk factor for postoperative delirium in older adults: A systematic review and
Dimitrios Adamis1, Jan Willem van Dalen2, Piet Eikelenboom3
1Sligo Mental Health Services, Sligo, Ireland.
Background:
Post-operative delirium (POD) in older adults may be linked to preoperative depression via shared biological pathways. This review synthesizes current findings, highlights methodological gaps and suggests possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
Methods:
Searches across major databases identified eligible studies using validated tools. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and log odds ratios were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity, moderators, and publication bias were assessed using meta-regression and sensitivity analyses in R (metafor package).
Results:
This meta-analysis synthesized findings from 42 studies examining the association between preoperative depression and postoperative delirium (POD), analysing categorical (k = 16) and continuous (k = 26) reported depression data from 9701 patients. Preoperative depression was significantly associated with increased POD risk (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.90-3.28; SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.73 after outlier removal). Surgical cohort type and depression assessment tools significantly moderated this association. Cognition evaluated by the MMSE did not significantly influence outcomes. Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) emerged as a consistent predictor, prompting further investigation into optimal cutoff scores for POD risk stratification. Publication bias and heterogeneity were low to moderate.
Discussion:
This meta-analysis confirms preoperative depression, including subclinical symptoms, as a significant predictor of POD. Findings highlight the roles of surgical type and depressive symptoms, suggesting tailored screening and further research into symptom-specific risk pathways.
Conclusion:
Preoperative depression predicts POD. Notably, even GDS-15 scores below the conventional cutoff for depression were associated with increased delirium risk. This finding requires further investigation, including exploration of potential underlying mechanisms such as vascular or other symptom-specific pathways.
More Related Videos
08:42Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
Published on: May 19, 2015
06:55An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
Published on: December 2, 2015
Related Concept Videos
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
01:24Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
01:05Long-term Depression
03:12Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
01:10Review and Preview
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
01:13Review and Preview