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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing RIPiT-Seq
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RNA-Seq detection of nematodes in Australian snails.

Berenice Talamantes-Becerra1, Wei-Shan Chang2, Michelle Michie2

  • 1Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can detect parasites in snails, aiding biosecurity. This study identified the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae in snails near Australian ports, highlighting the method

Keywords:
GastropodsLand snailsMetatranscriptomicNematodesRNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biosecurity

Background:

  • Snails are frequently intercepted at border control points, posing biosecurity risks due to potential pest status and parasite carriage.
  • Accurate identification of snail species and their associated parasites is crucial for effective biosecurity surveillance and risk assessment.
  • Existing parasite detection methods have limitations, necessitating exploration of complementary approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) as a complementary method for detecting nematode parasites within whole snail tissues.
  • To develop and validate a modified RNA extraction protocol and bioinformatic workflow for parasite surveillance in snails.
  • To assess the feasibility of RNA-seq for identifying parasites in native and introduced land snails relevant to Australian biosecurity.

Main Methods:

  • A modified RNA extraction protocol was developed for processing whole snail tissues.
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on a dataset of native and introduced land snails (n=60) collected near Australian ports.
  • Bioinformatic analysis involved sequence alignment against curated nematode databases (18S NemaBase) and broad databases (NCBInt) to ensure accurate identification.

Main Results:

  • RNA sequences from the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae were successfully identified within the introduced snail species Paropeas achatinaceum.
  • Candidate sequences for other nematodes were detected but further analysis using broad databases revealed these as probable false identifications.
  • The study demonstrated the utility of RNA-seq for parasite detection in snails from biosecurity-relevant locations and species.

Conclusions:

  • RNA-seq offers a promising complementary approach for parasite surveillance in snails, contributing to biosecurity efforts.
  • The importance of using high-quality, curated reference databases alongside broad databases for accurate species identification in molecular surveillance was highlighted.
  • This proof-of-concept study validates the RNA-seq method for detecting parasites in snails at locations critical for biosecurity surveillance.