Impact of Digital Tools on Knowledge, Genetic Counseling, and Testing Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Digital Health
• Healthcare Technology

Background:

• The integration of digital tools in healthcare is rapidly expanding.
• Genetic counseling traditionally involves in-person consultations.
• Assessing the efficacy of digital alternatives is crucial for improving access and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of digital genetic tools on pretest counseling completion, genetic testing uptake, and patient knowledge.
• To compare the effectiveness of digital genetic services with traditional in-person care.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies involving 6,714 participants.
• Searches conducted across major databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Scopus.
• Methodological quality assessed using Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists.

Main Results:

• Digital interventions significantly increased pretest counseling completion (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.07, 95% CI 1.22-3.51).
• Genetic testing uptake showed no significant difference between digital and in-person care (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.80-2.10; P = .29).
• Knowledge outcomes were comparable for telehealth versus in-person, with some digital formats showing potential for greater gains, though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

• Digital genetic tools are generally non-inferior to in-person care for knowledge and psychosocial outcomes.
• Digital genetic counseling is equivalent to in-person care for genetic test uptake.
• These tools enhance access to genetic services, with nurses playing a vital role in patient guidance and ensuring equitable access.