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Measuring spatial equity between metro accessibility and public service demand in Shanghai using a data-driven
Pei Jiang1,2, Yawen Liu2,3, Xuewen Shi2
1College of Public Administration and Law, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
Scientific Reports
|February 13, 2026
Summary
Shanghai
Area of Science:
- Urban Planning
- Transportation Geography
- Spatial Equity Analysis
Background:
- Urban metro systems are crucial for mobility and public service access.
- Equitable distribution of these benefits across cities remains a challenge.
- Shanghai's metro network's spatial design may embed inequities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate equitable mobility in Shanghai's metro system.
- To assess the alignment between metro-based public service accessibility and passenger demand.
- To identify spatial patterns of inequity in the metro network.
Main Methods:
- Developed a multidimensional accessibility index for each metro station.
- Integrated travel time to public services with passenger flow data.
- Utilized Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to analyze distributional patterns.
Main Results:
- Identified clear and persistent inequities in accessibility and demand alignment.
- Central stations showed strong alignment, while peripheral stations had high demand but limited access.
- A system-wide Gini coefficient of 0.348 indicated a significant imbalance in accessibility benefits.
Conclusions:
- Shanghai's metro network exhibits an inequitable spatial pattern.
- A behavior-sensitive framework links mobility patterns with public service accessibility.
- Actionable evidence supports spatial-equity-oriented metro planning for underserved areas.
Keywords:
Big-data-driven assessmentDemand patternsEquitable mobilityMetro accessibilitySmart card dataSupply-demand alignmentMore Related Videos
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