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Measuring spatial equity between metro accessibility and public service demand in Shanghai using a data-driven

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Planning
  • Transportation Geography
  • Spatial Equity Analysis

Background:

  • Urban metro systems are crucial for mobility and public service access.
  • Equitable distribution of these benefits across cities remains a challenge.
  • Shanghai's metro network's spatial design may embed inequities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate equitable mobility in Shanghai's metro system.
  • To assess the alignment between metro-based public service accessibility and passenger demand.
  • To identify spatial patterns of inequity in the metro network.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multidimensional accessibility index for each metro station.
  • Integrated travel time to public services with passenger flow data.
  • Utilized Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to analyze distributional patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified clear and persistent inequities in accessibility and demand alignment.
  • Central stations showed strong alignment, while peripheral stations had high demand but limited access.
  • A system-wide Gini coefficient of 0.348 indicated a significant imbalance in accessibility benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Shanghai's metro network exhibits an inequitable spatial pattern.
  • A behavior-sensitive framework links mobility patterns with public service accessibility.
  • Actionable evidence supports spatial-equity-oriented metro planning for underserved areas.