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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Sampling and Identification of Microplastics in Groundwater
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Polystyrene microplastics alter physiological parameters in the Drosophila model.

Sharine Priscilla1, Ryo Nagasawa2, Swetha Senthil Kumar1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|February 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) cause significant behavioral and biochemical harm in Drosophila, indicating potential risks to organisms. This study highlights the dose- and size-dependent toxicity of PS MPs, revealing cellular stress and oxidative damage.

Keywords:
In vivo toxicityCellular stressMicroplasticsNeurotoxicityPolystyrene

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Polystyrene (PS) is a widely used synthetic polymer, but its improper disposal generates microplastics (PS MPs) that pose environmental and health risks.
  • PS MPs can absorb toxins or leach additives, potentially harming living organisms.
  • Understanding the in vivo toxicity of PS MPs is crucial for assessing their ecological impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo toxicological effects of synthesized PS micro/nanoplastics (PS MNPs) in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • To assess the dose- and size-dependent biological effects of PS MNPs on physiological and behavioral endpoints.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PS MNP toxicity, including oxidative stress and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Drosophila melanogaster (adult flies and larvae) as an in vivo model system.
  • Exposed flies and larvae to two concentrations (30 and 300 µg/mL) of PS MNPs (100-1000 nm).
  • Assessed behavioral changes, biochemical markers of cellular stress (redox imbalance), and transcriptional levels of stress response genes (Hsp70Bc, rpr, cat, p53, sod).

Main Results:

  • PS MNP exposure led to significant behavioral and biochemical impairments in both larval and adult Drosophila.
  • Biochemical analyses indicated elevated cellular stress biomarkers and redox imbalance.
  • Transcriptional analysis revealed upregulation of key stress response genes, confirming oxidative stress and cellular toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • PS MNPs induce significant behavioral and biochemical toxicity in Drosophila, mediated by oxidative stress.
  • The findings demonstrate a dose- and size-dependent toxicity of PS MNPs.
  • This study provides valuable insights into the in vivo toxicological effects of polystyrene microplastics using a tractable model organism.