Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

3.3K
Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
3.3K
Convenience Sampling Method00:55

Convenience Sampling Method

11.7K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population.
Convenience sampling is a non-random method of sample selection; this method selects individuals that are easily accessible and may result in biased data. For example, a marketing...
11.7K
Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

3.5K
A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of...
3.5K
Systematic Sampling Method01:17

Systematic Sampling Method

13.4K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
13.4K
Stratified Sampling Method01:16

Stratified Sampling Method

15.6K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a stratified sample, divide the population into groups called strata and then take a...
15.6K
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

14.9K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
14.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GRP78 associates with alpha-synuclein in vulnerable neurons of the Parkinson's disease brain.

Acta neuropathologica·2026
Same author

Circulating tumour cell-derived xenograft as a preclinical platform for metastatic breast cancer.

British journal of cancer·2026
Same author

Correction: Cutaneous α-Synuclein Pathology as a Differential Marker: A Histological and Statistical Comparison across Neurodegenerative Disease Groups.

Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN·2026
Same author

Cutaneous α-Synuclein Pathology as a Differential Marker: A Histological and Statistical Comparison across Neurodegenerative Disease Groups.

Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN·2026
Same author

Unusual histopathologic finding in axillary lymph node in patient with invasive breast carcinoma NST: Case report and literature review.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
Same author

Fetal Sex Modulates Hofbauer Cells' Response to Diabetes in Human Placenta.

Biomedicines·2025
Same journal

EBV-associated plasmacytic variant of Castleman disease: more than a decade-long diagnostic odyssey - a case report.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
Same journal

Castleman-Like Lymphadenopathy in a Patient with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
Same journal

Targeted gene expression profiling as a tool for diagnostic cell-of-origin determination and prognostic stratification in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
Same journal

The advantages and limitations of the new FIGO 2023 staging system for endometrial carcinoma from the perspective of the clinician and pathologist.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
Same journal

Castleman disease - one name, many faces.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
Same journal

Testing Claudin 18.2 Expression in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Current Status and Near‑Future Outlook.

Ceskoslovenska patologie·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues
08:42

Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues

Published on: October 26, 2021

4.7K

Current methods in multiplex immunohistochemistry for formalin-fixed tissue samples.

Romana Hendrychová, Kateřina Čížková, Dominik Hraboš

    Ceskoslovenska Patologie
    |February 14, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) advances spatial analysis of tumor microenvironments, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. Further integration into diagnostics requires standardization for improved cancer characterization and therapy.

    Keywords:
    Digital PathologyImmunofluorescenceMass spectrometrymultiplex immunohistochemistry

    More Related Videos

    Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls
    06:43

    Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls

    Published on: July 27, 2022

    9.7K
    Proteomic Sample Preparation from Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissue
    09:20

    Proteomic Sample Preparation from Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissue

    Published on: September 2, 2013

    28.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

    Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues
    08:42

    Immunohistochemistry Test for the Lyssavirus Antigen Detection from Formalin-Fixed Tissues

    Published on: October 26, 2021

    4.7K
    Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls
    06:43

    Standardized Processing for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cell Pellet Immunohistochemistry Controls

    Published on: July 27, 2022

    9.7K
    Proteomic Sample Preparation from Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissue
    09:20

    Proteomic Sample Preparation from Formalin Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Tissue

    Published on: September 2, 2013

    28.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Pathology
    • Immunohistochemistry
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Traditional histopathology methods like H&E staining and chromogenic IHC have limitations in detecting multiple biomarkers and analyzing spatial cell relationships.
    • Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) overcomes these limitations by enabling simultaneous detection of multiple epitopes and detailed spatial analysis in FFPE tissues.
    • Characterizing tumor microenvironments is crucial for developing immunotherapies that have transformed cancer treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the capabilities of multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) methods for analyzing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.
    • To discuss advancements in mIHC detection techniques, including chromogenic, immunofluorescence, nucleotide-conjugated antibodies, and mass spectrometry.
    • To highlight the challenges and future prospects of integrating mIHC into routine clinical diagnostics.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of modern multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) techniques.
    • Discussion of various detection strategies: sequential cyclic labeling, tyramine signal amplification, nucleotide-conjugated antibodies, and mass spectrometry.
    • Analysis of challenges including standardization, antibody validation, data analysis, and regulatory aspects.

    Main Results:

    • mIHC allows simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and spatial analysis of cell populations within the tumor microenvironment.
    • Advanced techniques like nucleotide-conjugated antibodies and mass spectrometry offer enhanced specificity, quantitative analysis, and extensive biomarker profiling.
    • Despite technological progress, routine clinical integration faces hurdles in standardization, validation, data analysis, and regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) offers significant advantages over traditional methods for detailed tumor microenvironment analysis.
    • Continued automation and digitization in pathology are expected to drive wider adoption of mIHC in clinical practice.
    • Successful integration of mIHC promises deeper tumor characterization and improved patient therapy outcomes.