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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap

An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap

Published on: January 16, 2014

Solving a cold case through scientific evidence.

Gloria Giorato¹, Alberto Sandri¹, Elena Sofia Oliveri²

¹Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, Italy, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.

Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

|February 14, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rigorous forensic re-examination redefined a death

Keywords:

Cause of death Evidence-based methodological approach Forensic medicine Immunohistochemical analysis Traumatic brain injury

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Last Updated: Feb 16, 2026

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Published on: June 17, 2010

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Published on: September 2, 2010

Area of Science:

Forensic Pathology
Neuropathology

Background:

A case involving a homeless man's death in the late 1990s was initially attributed to meningoencephalitis.
Initial forensic autopsy findings excluded assault as a cause of death, and the case was suspended.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the cause of death using advanced methodologies.
To demonstrate the importance of rigorous methodological approaches in forensic science.

Main Methods:

Reanalysis of histological samples from the brain.
Macro- and microscopic examination of formalin-preserved brain tissue.
Immunohistochemical analysis using CD15 antibody.

Main Results:

Reanalysis confirmed subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhages with leukocytic infiltration.
Immunohistochemistry localized leukocytes to hemorrhagic areas, excluding widespread meningoencephalitis.
The cause of death was redefined as traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions:

Rigorous, evidence-based methodology is crucial for establishing scientific evidence in forensic cases.
Advanced techniques like immunohistochemistry enable accurate cause-of-death determination, even years later.
Multidisciplinary collaboration enhances the reliability of forensic investigations.