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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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Aging With Cystic Fibrosis: Endocrine and Metabolic Considerations.

Katie Kaput1, Samantha Steinmetz-Wood2, Melissa S Putman3

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Endocrine Practice : Official Journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
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Summary

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is now a chronic adult disease due to improved survival. This review highlights age-related endocrine and metabolic issues in adults with CF, stressing early screening and tailored care.

Keywords:
agingcardiovascular diseasecystic fibrosiscystic fibrosis-related bone diseasecystic fibrosis–related diabetesmenopause

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Chronic disease management

Background:

  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is increasingly a chronic adult condition, not just a pediatric disease.
  • Prolonged survival with CFTR modulator therapy leads to age-related complications.
  • Endocrine and metabolic issues like diabetes, bone disease, and obesity are common in aging CF patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on endocrine and metabolic complications in adults with CF.
  • To emphasize the need for early screening and multidisciplinary management.
  • To highlight the evolving health needs of the aging CF population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current evidence on endocrine and metabolic complications in CF.
  • Focus on age-related issues and impact of CFTR modulator therapy.
  • Analysis of management strategies and quality-of-life considerations.

Main Results:

  • Adults with CF face significant age-related endocrine and metabolic challenges.
  • Diabetes, bone disease, menopause, and obesity are key concerns.
  • Current clinical guidelines may not adequately address the needs of the aging CF population.

Conclusions:

  • Early screening and multidisciplinary care are crucial for managing endocrine and metabolic complications in adults with CF.
  • CF-specific population studies are needed to adapt clinical practice guidelines.
  • Addressing these evolving health needs is vital for improving quality of life in the aging CF population.