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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Child Sexual Abuse in Six South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and

Samata Nepal1, Alok Atreya2, Kishor Adhikari3

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.

Violence and Victims
|February 14, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Child sexual abuse (CSA) affects children globally, with a pooled prevalence of 6.23% in South Asia. Key risk factors include poor supervision and unsafe environments, highlighting the urgent need for intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Child Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread global health concern with lifelong consequences.
  • Understanding CSA prevalence and risk factors is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of child sexual abuse (CSA) in South Asian countries.
  • To adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 284 identified records was conducted.
  • Statistical analysis employed a random-effects model using Jamovi software.
  • Eleven studies from India, Nepal, and Pakistan met the inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • The pooled prevalence of CSA among children under 18 was 6.23% (95% CI [1.9, 10.5]).
  • Significant heterogeneity (I² = 99.73%) was observed across studies.
  • Identified risk factors included lack of parental supervision, unsafe environments, sex disparities, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities.

Conclusions:

  • CSA is a significant public health issue in the studied South Asian countries.
  • Targeted interventions addressing identified risk factors are essential to protect children.
  • Further research is needed for countries with limited data, such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Bhutan.

Keywords:
perpetratorprevalencerisk factorsexual abusesystematic review

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