Engineered Bacterial Biomaterials for Augmenting Adoptive Immune Cell Therapy Against Solid Tumors

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Biotechnology
• Oncology

Background:

• Adoptive immune cell therapy (ACT) shows promise in cancer immunotherapy, with successes in hematological cancers using CAR-T cell therapy.
• However, ACT efficacy is limited in solid tumors due to immunosuppressive microenvironments and poor cell infiltration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms of bacterial biomaterials in remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
• To highlight advances in using engineered bacterial biomaterials to improve ACT for solid tumors.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on bacterial biomaterials and their application in ACT.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms by which bacterial biomaterials modulate tumor immunity.

Main Results:

• Bacterial biomaterials, including live bacteria and outer membrane vesicles, can reshape the tumor immune microenvironment.
• Engineered bacterial systems offer programmable strategies to enhance ACT effectiveness.

Conclusions:

• Bacterial biomaterials present a novel strategy to overcome ACT limitations in solid tumors.
• Engineering bacterial biomaterials can augment adoptive cellular therapies for improved solid tumor treatment.