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Occupational Exposure to Welding Fumes and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Seung-Woo Ryoo1, Baek-Yong Choi1, Seok-Yoon Son1
1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine
|February 15, 2026
Summary
Occupational exposure to welding fumes increases bladder cancer risk by 20%. This meta-analysis highlights the need for enhanced workplace safety measures for welders.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health
- Epidemiology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Welding fume exposure is a suspected risk factor for bladder cancer.
- Previous evidence linking welding fumes to bladder cancer is inconclusive.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate this association.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the association between occupational welding fume exposure and bladder cancer risk.
- To perform a meta-analysis of existing observational studies.
- To identify potential variations in risk based on study characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.
- Inclusion of eligible observational studies based on predefined criteria.
- Random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
- Subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess robustness and explore heterogeneity.
Main Results:
- 34 epidemiological studies included in the meta-analysis.
- A 20% increased risk of bladder cancer observed in welders (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11-1.30).
- Association remained significant after adjusting for age and smoking; subgroup analyses showed variations by region and exposure assessment.
Conclusions:
- Occupational welding fume exposure is significantly associated with an elevated risk of bladder cancer.
- Findings underscore the necessity for improved occupational safety protocols and exposure monitoring.
- Further research is recommended to elucidate biological mechanisms and dose-response relationships.
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