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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

A Soft and Robust Liquid Metal Textile Platform for Versatile Bioelectronic Applications.

Yang Wang^1,2, Bochuan Jiang¹, Chang Ding³

¹Institute of Solid Mechanics School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|February 15, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new smart textile using liquid metal and polyurethane for advanced wearable electronics. This durable, washable fabric enables seamless health monitoring and human-machine interaction.

Keywords:

flexible electronics human‐machine interaction liquid metal smart textile wearable heater

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Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Bioelectronics
Textile Engineering

Background:

Wearable bioelectronic systems require advanced materials for health monitoring and human-machine interaction.
Existing materials often lack the necessary softness, conductivity, and durability for these applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, encapsulation-free smart textile platform for versatile bioelectronic applications.
To create a highly customizable and durable fabric electrode system.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of an ultrathin smart textile using a liquid metal (LM) and waterborne polyurethane composite.
Utilized laser pre-patterning and heat-transfer printing for high-resolution conductive pattern integration.
Tested material properties including conductivity, stretchability, and wash durability.

Main Results:

The developed textile platform demonstrated high electrical conductivity, excellent stretchability, and robust wash durability.
Successfully integrated functionalities including electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition, tunable Joule heating, gesture recognition, and electrical stimulation.
The encapsulation-free design simplified fabrication and enhanced integration with textiles.

Conclusions:

The liquid metal-based smart textile offers a unified, multifunctional platform for next-generation wearable devices.
This technology enables advanced bioelectronic functionalities with improved material performance and durability.
Presents a promising solution for intelligent textile systems and personalized healthcare.