Advances in biocatalytic textiles enabled by immobilized enzyme for water purification and CO₂ capture applications

Biocatalytic textiles have emerged as a new class of functional materials that merge the catalytic precision of enzymes with the structural and mechanical advantages of textiles. Their combination of high surface area, flexibility, low pressure drop, and durability enables efficient mass transfer and stable catalytic performance, positioning them as promising candidates for sustainable environmental purification technologies. This review provides an overview of the progress, opportunities, and challenges associated with biocatalytic textiles for water purification and carbon dixoide (CO₂) capture application. Starting with fundamental aspects of enzymes and enzyme immobilization strategies that underpin the design and performance of biocatalytic textiles, this report summarizes the applications of biocatalytic textiles in the removal of dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, phenolic compounds and bacteria from contaminated water, demonstrating their potential for addressing key issues in wastewater treatment. Additionally, the emerging use of biocatalytic textiles for CO₂ capture is explored as a pathway toward carbon mitigation and efficient carbon management strategies. The review concludes with limitations and future research directions aimed at robust, durable, and industrially viable biocatalytic textile systems for catalytic water and air purification.