Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

339
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
339
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.4K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.4K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.0K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.0K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

803
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
803
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

5.5K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
5.5K
Applications of Life Tables01:22

Applications of Life Tables

370
Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
370

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Health inequality aversion in China: Public and decision-maker views.

Social science & medicine (1982)·2026
Same author

Comparative social costs of six early years disadvantages: a birth cohort microsimulation study.

Journal of epidemiology and community health·2026
Same author

Socioeconomic inequalities in causes of death related to behavioural risk-taking in England and Wales: A longitudinal small-area ecological study.

Public health·2026
Same author

Accounting for unmet need in equitable healthcare resource allocation: Synopsis.

Health and social care delivery research·2026
Same author

Author Reply.

Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research·2026
Same author

The UK government must publish a detailed impact assessment of the costs and benefits of the US-UK medicines partnership.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

10.7K

The Apparent Discrepancy Between Social Inequality in Disability-Free and Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy.

Ieva Skarda1, James Lomas1, Richard Cookson2

  • 1Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom.

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
|February 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binary adjustments overestimate health inequality compared to continuous ones. Adjusting the scaling of disability-free and healthy life expectancy measures makes them more comparable to quality-adjusted life expectancy, improving health equity analysis.

Keywords:
EQ-5D-3LEQ-5D-5Lhealth equityhealthy life expectancyinequality aversionquality-adjusted life-years

More Related Videos

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

9.9K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
06:52

Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

10.7K
Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

9.9K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Public Health
  • Social Epidemiology

Background:

  • Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) adjustments significantly impact estimates of social inequality in health.
  • Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) relies on accurate measurement of health inequalities for equity weighting.
  • The choice between binary and continuous HRQOL adjustments can influence policy-relevant conclusions regarding health equity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how binary versus continuous HRQOL adjustments affect the estimation of social inequalities in lifetime health.
  • To explore the implications of these adjustments for equity weighting within DCEA.
  • To compare different measures of life expectancy, including quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), disability-free life expectancy (DFLE), and healthy life expectancy (HLE).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2018 Health Survey for England and ONS mortality/population data.
  • Compared health distributions across neighborhood deprivation quintiles for QALE (EQ-5D-5L), DFLE (limiting long-term illness), and HLE (self-assessed health).
  • Derived indirect equity weights using Atkinson inequality aversion parameters and cross-tabulated HRQOL by age and deprivation.

Main Results:

  • Continuous adjustments revealed smaller inequality gaps (QALE: 11.25, DFLE: 16.00, HLE: 18.53) between the most and least deprived quintiles compared to binary adjustments.
  • Binary adjustments resulted in substantially higher equity weights, particularly at higher levels of inequality aversion.
  • Social group HRQOL differences were driven by both morbidity prevalence and its burden, with prevalence being the larger factor.

Conclusions:

  • Disability-free and healthy life expectancy measures show larger estimated health inequalities than quality-adjusted life expectancy due to their binary scaling.
  • The binary scaling implicitly assigns a zero HRQOL value to disability or poor health, akin to death.
  • A simple adjustment to the binary scale's endpoints can enhance comparability between these measures and improve health equity assessments.