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Related Concept Videos

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

17
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
17
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

17
Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
17
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

937
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
937
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

20
Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
20
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

18
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

20
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Production of Near-Infrared Sensitive, Core-Shell Vaccine Delivery Platform
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Overcoming Challenges in Dengue Vaccine Development: Advanced Delivery Approaches.

Anindita Sengupta1,2, Jayanta Bhattacharyya1,2

  • 1Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing effective dengue vaccines is challenging due to immunological barriers. Novel strategies like advanced antigen design, nanoparticle delivery systems, and potent adjuvants aim to improve vaccine-induced immune memory for durable protection against all dengue virus (DENV) serotypes.

Keywords:
TLR agonistsadvanced delivery systemscell-free vaccinedengue vaccinehydrogelsimmune modulatorsin silico modelnanoparticlessustained release

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Dengue virus (DENV) poses a significant global health threat, with four distinct serotypes.
  • Existing vaccine development faces hurdles like antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), original antigenic sin, and achieving balanced, long-lasting immunity.
  • Overcoming these immunological barriers is crucial for creating safe and effective dengue vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging strategies for enhancing vaccine-induced immune memory against dengue.
  • To explore rational antigen design and advanced delivery systems for improved dengue vaccines.
  • To highlight innovative approaches addressing challenges in dengue vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on nanoparticle-based delivery systems (lipid, polymeric, VLPs).
  • Analysis of injectable hydrogels, responsive biomaterials, and targeted delivery systems.
  • Evaluation of potent adjuvants (TLR agonists, saponins) and novel vaccine platforms (mRNA, DNA, EVs).
  • Inclusion of in silico approaches for epitope identification and immune response simulation.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles enhance antigen stability, dendritic cell uptake, and lymph node delivery.
  • Sustained antigen release from biomaterials promotes germinal center formation and memory B/T-cell responses.
  • Targeted delivery and potent adjuvants improve antigen presentation and guide Th1-type responses.
  • Novel platforms like mRNA, DNA, and EVs offer scalable, immune-activating solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging strategies in antigen design and delivery systems show promise for overcoming dengue vaccine challenges.
  • These approaches aim to induce robust, balanced, and long-lasting immunity against all DENV serotypes.
  • The collective advancements support the development of safer and more effective dengue vaccines.