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Related Concept Videos

Collar Bearings01:23

Collar Bearings

1.7K
Collar bearings are essential in various machines designed to support axial loads on rotating shafts. Depending on the specific application and requirements, they can be found with single or multiple collars.
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.8K
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

19.1K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
19.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

7.6K
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
7.6K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

16.0K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
16.0K

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Belt-Shaped [20]Collarene with a Rigid Yet Adaptable Cavity for Multimodal Fullerene Complexation.

Yifei Zhang1,2, Ting Liu1,2, Ke Liu3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

[20]Collarene demonstrates versatile host-guest chemistry, effectively binding fullerenes like C60 and C70. This supramolecular complexation enables ultrafast charge separation, paving the way for advanced functional materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Collarenes are promising molecular containers due to their unique belt-shaped structure.
  • The host-guest chemistry of collarenes, particularly [20]collarene, is underexplored.
  • Fullerenes are important guest molecules in supramolecular chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multimodal complexation behaviors of [20]collarene with various fullerenes.
  • To characterize the binding affinities and structural aspects of [20]collarene-fullerene complexes.
  • To explore the potential of these complexes in applications like charge separation.

Main Methods:

  • Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)
  • High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)
  • Single-crystal X-ray crystallography

Main Results:

  • [20]Collarene forms inclusion complexes with C60 and C70 fullerenes with high binding affinities (Ka up to 10^5 M^-1).
  • The resulting host-guest complexes exhibit ultrafast charge separation and stable charge-separated states.
  • [20]Collarene displays a shape-adaptable cavity, showing different complexation modes (e.g., full encapsulation with PC61BM, solvent-synergistic with DPC61Py).

Conclusions:

  • [20]Collarene possesses a rigid yet adaptive cavity suitable for diverse host-guest complexation.
  • This study systematically establishes the host-guest chemistry of [20]collarene.
  • The findings provide a foundation for developing collarene-based supramolecular chemistry and functional materials.