Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

7.0K
Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs...
7.0K
Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract

4.1K
The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
It is located between the pharynx and the trachea, acts as a passageway for air, and hosts several critical structures, such as the epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis. The epiglottis acts as a gateway, guiding food to the...
4.1K
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

4.9K
The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
4.9K
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

3.3K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating the impact of poly(beta amino) ester-mediated FOXJ1 mRNA delivery on differentiation of primary human bronchial epithelial cells.

Biology open·2026
Same author

Type I interferons induced upon respiratory viral infection impair lung metastatic initiation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Where are my Black professors? The research culture preventing Black researchers from thriving in UK institutions.

Wellcome open research·2026
Same author

Epidermal growth factor receptor controls sex differences in lung type 2 responses to inhaled allergen.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Bacterial communities co-develop with respiratory immunity early in life, linking dysbiosis to systemic monocyte signature and wheezing.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Severe asthma is characterized by a sex-specific ILC landscape and aberrant airway profile that is suppressed by anti-IL-5/5Rα biologics.

Science translational medicine·2025
Same journal

Diversity, Equality, and Inclusion in the naïve T Cell Receptor Repertoire.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Macrophage Plasticity and Immune Remodeling in Ischemic Heart Failure.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

The T Cell Receptor: Molecular Sensor, Therapeutic Mediator and Probabilistic Driver of Adaptive Immunity.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Heart: An Emerging Role in Chronic Inflammation.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Rethinking Immunity in Tissues: The Biology of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.

Immunological reviews·2026
Same journal

Inflammation-Driven Lymphoid Structures: Organization, Function, and Clinical Impact Across Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Checkpoint Toxicity.

Immunological reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

6.6K

Sex Differences in Lung Immunity.

Franz Puttur1, Clare M Lloyd1

  • 1National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Immunological Reviews
|February 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological sex significantly impacts immune responses and disease susceptibility. Understanding these sex differences in lung immunity is crucial for developing targeted therapies for lung diseases.

Keywords:
agingallergybiological sexinflammationlungprocessessex hormonestissues

More Related Videos

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung
09:57

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Published on: November 16, 2021

8.0K
Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells
09:04

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Published on: November 22, 2011

29.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
08:44

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

6.6K
Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung
09:57

Flow Cytometric Analysis for Identification of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells of Murine Lung

Published on: November 16, 2021

8.0K
Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells
09:04

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Published on: November 22, 2011

29.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Sex Differences in Immunity
  • Pulmonary Immunology

Background:

  • Biological sex influences immune system development and responses to antigens.
  • Sex disparities are observed in innate and adaptive immunity, affecting susceptibility to infections, inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.
  • Immunological differences vary with age and can be modulated by environmental exposures, particularly at mucosal surfaces like the lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering biological sex as a key variable in lung immunological research.
  • To review existing studies on sex-driven immunological mechanisms in lung disease.
  • To provide a foundation for understanding sex-specific immune responses in the lungs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sex differences in lung immunity.
  • Analysis of studies investigating environmental factors, genetics, age, and sex hormones in lung immune responses.
  • Synthesis of findings to underscore the role of sex in lung disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences exist in lung immune cell function and responses.
  • Environmental exposures interact with biological sex to regulate lung immune function.
  • Age and sex hormones play critical roles in sex-specific lung immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a critical biological variable that must be considered in lung immunological research.
  • Understanding sex-driven immunological mechanisms is essential for elucidating lung disease development.
  • This knowledge can pave the way for developing sex-specific therapeutic strategies for lung diseases.