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Breastfeeding Duration and Airway Inflammation in Children With Asthma Living in a Polluted Megacity

Víctor González-Uribe1,2, Zaira Selene Mojica-González3, Jimena Prieto-Gómez1,2

  • 1AlergiaMx, Mexico City, Mexico.

The Clinical Respiratory Journal
|February 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Prolonged breastfeeding is linked to better asthma control and reduced airway inflammation in children. This practice may help mitigate the negative respiratory effects of pollution in urban environments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Children with asthma in polluted cities face risks of poor asthma control and airway inflammation.
  • Breastfeeding's immunomodulatory effects are known, but its protective role against pollution-related inflammation is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between breastfeeding duration and asthma control.
  • To evaluate the link between breastfeeding and airway eosinophilic inflammation (FeNO).
  • To determine if breastfeeding modifies the impact of urban air pollution on childhood asthma in Mexico City.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective study involved 162 children (6-17 years) with diagnosed asthma.
  • Evaluated asthma control (ACT), airway inflammation (FeNO), breastfeeding duration (0-12 months), and pollution levels.
  • Used multivariable regression models to analyze associations and interactions between breastfeeding and pollution.

Main Results:

  • Breastfeeding for ≥6 months correlated with better asthma control (ACT ≥20) and lower FeNO.
  • High pollution exposure was linked to poorer asthma control and increased FeNO.
  • A significant interaction showed breastfeeding ≥6 months attenuated pollution's adverse effects on airway inflammation and asthma control.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged breastfeeding is independently associated with improved asthma control and reduced airway inflammation.
  • Breastfeeding can partially mitigate the respiratory health burden from chronic pollution exposure.
  • Breastfeeding offers a low-cost protective strategy for asthmatic children in polluted urban settings.
Abstract

Keywords:
FeNOair pollutionasthmabreastfeedingenvironmental exposurepediatric allergy

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