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Carbon Nanomaterial Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors and DNA-Based Biointerface Engineering.

Fang Deng^1,2, Mingyin Luo¹, Jia Chen¹

¹Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University,Hunan 411105, China.

|February 16, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

DNA nanostructures enhance carbon-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors for sensitive, label-free detection. This approach improves point-of-care testing (POCT) and early diagnostics for viruses and biomarkers.

Keywords:

DNA nanotechnology biosensing probes biosensor carbon nanotube field-effect transistors graphene interface engineering point-of-care testing

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biosensing
Materials Science

Background:

Carbon nanomaterial-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors offer high sensitivity, fast, label-free detection, and integration potential for point-of-care testing (POCT).
Effective biosensing relies on precisely engineered biomolecular interface layers for specific recognition and signal transduction.
DNA nanotechnology provides a programmable method to control biomolecular probe arrangement at the nanoscale for biosensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the use of designed DNA nanostructures with carbon-based FET biosensors for enhanced detection capabilities.
To explore DNA nanostructures as bioprobes or linkers for interface engineering in FET biosensors.
To summarize progress, challenges, and future directions for DNA nanostructure-engineered carbon-based FET biosensors.

Main Methods:

Introduction to the structure and principles of carbon-based FET sensors.
Discussion of DNA nanostructures for interface engineering and their advantages.
Classification and summary of DNA nanostructures used as biosensing probes based on assembly dimensions.

Main Results:

Demonstration of DNA nanostructure-engineered carbon-based FET biosensors for detecting viruses, biomarkers, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Analysis of the benefits of using DNA nanostructures for precise control over biomolecular probe orientation, conformation, and density.
Summary of recent advancements in applying these engineered biosensors across various detection targets.

Conclusions:

DNA nanostructures are crucial for optimizing carbon-based FET biosensor performance, enabling highly sensitive and specific detection.
Further development is needed to overcome challenges hindering the practical application and promotion of FET biosensors.
This review provides design principles to enhance carbon-based FET biosensors for early diagnosis and POCT applications.